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Technical Q&As: Hardware & Drivers
Core Audio's Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) acts as the interface between an audio device driver and an audio application. The HAL supports native multichannel audio in a manner that is scalable to future high-resolution formats. Developers can create audio devices compatible with Apple products and use HAL and I/O Kit APIs to create software to access audio devices.

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The "packages" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW90: Describes the "packages" node in the Open Firmware device tree.
2006-02-22
Obtaining the name of an external MIDI Device from a MIDI Endpoint (HTML)
QA1374: Get the names of external MIDI Devices from MIDI Endpoints.
2004-12-01
Available FireWire Isochronous Bandwidth (HTML)
QA1356: Discusses attempting to "pre-flight" an isochronous bandwidth allocation request by reading the currently available bandwidth.
2004-07-07
Generating an NMI Without a Programmer's Switch (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1264: Explains how to generate a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) on CPUs without programmer's switches.
2004-04-26
Installing an I/O Kit KEXT Without Rebooting (HTML)
QA1319: Describes the state of the art of installing I/O Kit kernel extensions (KEXTs) without requiring a restart.
2003-10-28
Mapping kernel memory to user space on Mac OS X 10.2 (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1197: Describes a change to mapping kernel memory to user space affecting Mac OS X 10.2 and later.
2002-09-13
Retain Counts of io_object_t Objects in IOKit.framework (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1195: Distinguishes between the retain counts of an I/O Kit kernel object and its io_object_t user space proxy.
2002-09-04
IODeviceTree & the IORegistry (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1120: Describes the IODeviceTree plane in the Mac OS X IORegistry.
2002-02-13
Power Management; Policy Maker vs. Power Controller (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1121: Describes the differences between a Power Management Policy Maker and a Power Management Power Controller.
2002-02-13
IOKit Framework Headers (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1107: Describes the differences between the headers in IOKit.framework and the I/O Kit headers in Kernel.framework.
2002-01-15
Is the Open Firmware device tree object oriented? (HTML)
HW80: Discusses the object-oriented attributes of the Open Firmware device tree.
1999-11-15
Are the Name Registry device tree nodes unique? (HTML)
Deprecated - HW64: Discusses whether Name Registry nodes copied from the Open Firmware device tree are unique.
1999-10-11
Sample code for allocating an amount of dictionary space (HTML)
HW71: Discusses the allocation and the setting of memory for Dictionary space in Open Firmware.
1999-10-11
What is the "dump" word and how do I use it? (HTML)
HW68: Describes the function of the Open Firmware word "dump" and how it can be used.
1999-10-11
What numeric base is the default for the Open Firmware user interface? (HTML)
HW65: Describes how the default numeric base used by the Open Firmware user interface is hexadecimal.
1999-10-11
Determining Open Firmware configuration variables (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW56: Discusses how to determine the Open Firmware variables on a system.
1999-03-29
Expansion ROM device properties (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW50: Describes the Open Firmware properties that should be included in a boot device's expansion ROM.
1999-03-29
Why did the name of the PCI bridge change? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW59: Explains the name change of the PCI bridge to the generic name "pci" in Open Firmware.
1999-03-29
Are interrupts enabled while Open Firmware is running? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW44: Explains that interrupts are disabled when Open Firmware is running.
1999-02-15
What are configuration variables in Open Firmware? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW38: Defines the configuration variables in Open Firmware.
1999-02-15
PCI Type 1 Cycles (HTML)
HW26: Describes the circumstances when the PowerMac generates a Configuration Type 1 command.
1995-07-15